Tajikistan’s link in transnational drug trafficking

Wednesday, June 20, 2012
Avesta (22 May 2012)
BLUF: 
Tajik media welcomed a visit of United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime’s (UNODC) Executive Director, Yuri Fedotov, in early June, the main goal of which was to combine and harmonize the counter-drug trafficking efforts of Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, but the complex set of economic and social issues besetting the region make stemming the tide of drugs through Central Asia unlikely.
OBSERVED: 
In view of regular reports in Tajikistan about seizures of narcotics in transit from Afghanistan, there is a sense of growing concern about drug trafficking in local media outlets. Tajik press reported on a three-day visit of United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Executive Director, Yuri Fedotov at the end of May-early June, on coordinating the anti-drug trafficking efforts of Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Afghanistan along the so-called “northern route.” Tajik media, recognizing the threat posed by transnational drug trafficking to Central Asian security, highlighted the importance of regional cooperation in combating traffickers. The UNODC meeting envisioned increased cooperation against transnational drug smuggling groups, improved information exchange, and the training of more effective anti-drug personnel. Tajik president Emomali Rakhmon expressed his country's support of and appreciation for UNODC's assistance, particularly its help in establishing the country's Drug Control Agency. During his visit, Fedotov participated in the destruction of 267 kilograms of seized narcotics, including heroin, opium and cannabis.

Fedotov’s visit came on the heels of a new May 2012 106-page UNODC report on the drug trade in Central Asia, including details on the transit of Afghan heroin to Russia. According to the Tajik outlet Avesta, while traffickers went through other Central Asian countries, Tajikistan was the key transfer point because of its long shared border with Afghanistan and the 1.4 billion USD in net profits enjoyed by Tajik traffickers due largely to a 600 percent mark up for drugs reaching Russian territory.

The UNODC report stressed that nearly 200 kilograms of heroin and 50 kilograms of opium entered Tajikistan daily, all while seizures rates were falling and the number of drug traders rising. The report also noted that drug money was contributing to the jump in unusually high prices of property in Dushanbe and other areas, and was driving the proliferation of expensive cars and houses. Much of the blame for the growing drug trade problem in the region was pinned on corruption, especially the collusion of government officials with traffickers. Tajikistan commentators were particularly worried about how the problem might worsen after NATO left Afghanistan.

ASSESSMENT: 
Tajik media provided mostly factual reporting on the drug problem and there was little analysis of the UNODC's drug report. While Tajik media regularly reports on interdiction of narcotics and domestic addiction problems, part of the reason for the lack of local media analyses of drug trafficking or a strong response to drug issues may be fear of backlash from transnational crime groups that operate in the country.

The visit of UNODC’s Yuri Fedotov to Tajikistan to push for regional anti-drug trafficking cooperation may be a small step to address a massive problem, but will be difficult for Central Asian countries to stem the tide of trafficking and addiction without the continued assistance from the UN.  It has provided valuable support to local efforts to combat drug smuggling, which Tajik president Rakhmon acknowledged in his meeting with Fedotov.

However, continued political uncertainty and impoverishment of countries, such as Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, the weakness of the governments of both countries to address a disproportionally big transnational drug problem, widespread corruption and the huge amount of money generated from drug smuggling and selling compared to small GDPs of these countries will remain a challenge to anti-drug efforts of the UN and the region as a whole. The inability of regional governments to cooperate on combating drugs is an added factor. Moreover, as long as Tajik-Afghan and Tajik-Kyrgyz borders remain porous, transnational drug trafficking will be difficult to stop.
UNODC report, the prospect of drug trafficking through the region falling remains low. The UNODC report’s conclusion that no major drug lord was arrested in Central Asia since 1991 is a poignant sign that traffickers may be under protection of government officials for many years. There was no official response from the Tajik government to these statements of the UNODC report.